{"id":245,"date":"2026-06-21T18:32:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T15:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/?p=245"},"modified":"2026-06-21T18:34:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T15:34:49","slug":"icki-yasagi-kanunu-nasil-kabul-edildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/?p=245","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 kanunu nas\u0131l kabul edildi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 kanunu nas\u0131l kabul edildi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n en kritik g\u00fcnlerinde, Birinci Meclis’in muhafazak\u00e2r kanad\u0131, i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir kanun teklifini g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f ve 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1920’de, bir oy farkla bu teklifi yasala\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong> <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131: ERTAN \u00dcNAL<\/em> <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocak 2007<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Anadolu’nun, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 vermeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerdi<\/sup>. Ankara’da Mustafa Kemal’in \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Birinci Meclis H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler i\u00e7indeydi<\/sup>. Millici g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131, Anadolu’nun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki i\u00e7 ayaklanmalar birbirini izliyordu<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte bu kritik g\u00fcnlerde, 1920’nin May\u0131s ay\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak s\u00fcren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle 14 Eyl\u00fcl’de yasala\u015fan bir kanun teklifi, Birinci Meclis’in g\u00fcndeminde \u00f6nemli bir yer te\u015fkil etmi\u015fti<\/sup><\/sup>. <\/sup>‘Men-i M\u00fcskirat Kanunu’, \u00fclke genelinde i\u00e7ki yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcketimini yasa<\/sup>kl\u0131yor; aksi davrananlar i\u00e7in, “Dayak, hapis ve para cezas\u0131” olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7e\u015fitli yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanun Teklifleri ve Komisyon S\u00fcre\u00e7leri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 konusunda Meclis’e ilk yasa teklifini Trabzon Milletvekili Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/sup>. Meclis’teki muhalif grupta yer alan ve daha sonralar\u0131, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n muhaf\u0131z\u0131 Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecek olan Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey, teklifinde \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer veriyordu<\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Dinimizce tahrim edilmi\u015f (haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f) olan sarho\u015f edici i\u00e7kilerin halk\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131p gidi\u015finden dolay\u0131 do\u011fan fenal\u0131klar\u0131n haddi hesab\u0131 yoktur<\/sup>. (…) Osmanl\u0131 memleketlerinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, ithalini, sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kat’\u00ee surette men etmeliyiz<\/sup>. Bu memnuiyeti (yasa\u011f\u0131) dinlemeyip m\u00fcskirat (i\u00e7ki) yapanlar, satanlar veya i\u00e7enler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse, bunlar\u0131 derhal yakalay\u0131p haddi \u015fer’i ile (\u015feriata g\u00f6re, verilen ceza, 80 de\u011fnek vurulmas\u0131 idi) veyahut a\u011f\u0131r para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/sup>.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey’in teklifi Meclis’in \u00f6zellikle muhafazak\u00e2r kesimi aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck taraftar toplad\u0131<\/sup>. Daha sonra \u00c7orum Milletvekili Ha\u015fim (Apayd\u0131n) Bey ve Bolu Milletvekili Nuri (Aksu) Bey de ayn\u0131 konuda birer yasa teklifi verdiler<\/sup>. Teklifler, birle\u015ftirilerek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmek \u00fczere kurulan komisyonlara havale edildi<\/sup>. \u00dc\u00e7 milletvekilinin Meclis’e sunduklar\u0131 yasa teklifleri, ufak baz\u0131 farklara ra\u011fmen, genelde ayn\u0131 yap\u0131dayd\u0131lar<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey ve Nuri Bey, i\u00e7kinin toptan yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 isterken, \u00c7orum Milletvekili Ha\u015fim Bey gayrim\u00fcslimlerin yasa kapsam\u0131na girmemesini, yoksa yasan\u0131n Devletler Hukuku’na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyordu<\/sup>. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, o y\u0131llarda alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kiler inhisar\u0131n\u0131 (tekelini) elinde bulunduran D\u00fcy\u00fbnu Umumiye yetkilileriyle de bu konuda bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemekteydi<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komisyon Raporlar\u0131:<\/sup><\/sup><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Adalet Komisyonu:<\/strong> Ankara’da ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u015fartlardan do\u011fan Meclis’in g\u00f6revinin, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u015fartlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulayarak, konunun daha sonra ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Sa\u011fl\u0131k Komisyonu:<\/strong> Yasan\u0131n kabul edilmesini isterken, bir de ek \u00f6neri getirdi: Su\u00e7u ikinci kez i\u015fleyenlerin, Belediye Temizlik \u0130\u015fleri’nde 2-10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da karara ba\u011flanmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bu su\u00e7u i\u015fleyenlerin devlet memuru olmalar\u0131 halinde, memuriyetten at\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 da savunuyordu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u015eer’iye Komisyonu:<\/strong> Yasan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini t\u00fcm\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015ftiren 9 maddelik yeni bir yasa tasla\u011f\u0131 \u00f6neriyordu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Maliye Komisyonu:<\/strong> Raporunda, D\u00fcy\u00fbnu Umum\u00eeye gelirleri aras\u0131nda bulunan i\u00e7ki vergisinin d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, devlet\u00e7e taahh\u00fct edildi\u011fini, bu nedenle ithal ve imalinin yasaklanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor, bu y\u00fczden i\u00e7kiye a\u011f\u0131r vergiler konulmak suretiyle m\u00fccadele etmek gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Yasa teklifi komisyonlardan ge\u00e7tikten sonra, 17 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc Meclis g\u00fcndemine al\u0131nd\u0131<\/sup><\/sup><\/sup>. <\/sup><\/sup>Bu tarihten sonra, tam 6 toplant\u0131 ve 7 celse yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler tamamlanamad\u0131<\/sup><\/sup><\/sup>. <\/sup><\/sup>B\u00f6ylece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 13 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fcne gelindi<\/sup><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    13 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 Meclis Oturumu ve Sert Tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/sup><\/sup><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    13 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00d6mer Vehbi (B\u00fcy\u00fc<\/sup>kyalva\u00e7) Bey’in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan Meclis’te s\u00f6z alan Maliye Vekili Ahmet Ferit (Tek) Bey, “\u0130\u00e7kinin kendisini de\u011fil, vergisini savunaca\u011f\u0131m” diyerek ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, bu yasa kabul edildi\u011fi takdirde, devletin y\u0131lda 1 milyon lira gelir kayb\u0131na u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, zaten b\u00fct\u00e7enin de 20 milyon lira a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Daha sonra yasan\u0131n uygulanma sorununa de\u011finen Ferit Bey, \u015funlar\u0131 dile getirdi<\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    “S\u0131n\u0131rlama ger\u00e7ekle ba\u011fda\u015fm\u0131yor; yasak uygulanamayacak, sonu\u00e7ta iktisad\u00ee ve mal\u00ee zararlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r<\/sup><\/sup>.” “H\u00fck\u00fcmetin istemesine ra\u011fmen, \u00fclkede idar\u00ee ve ahlak\u00ee inzibat iyi de\u011fildir<\/sup>.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u00dclkede sadece 2.200 polis bulundu\u011funu, 321 kilometrekareye bir polis d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bunlarla i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uygulama imkan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131<\/sup>. Ferit Bey’in kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nerisi de, bu tekliften vazge\u00e7mek; ama i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketimini azaltmak i\u00e7in de, vergileri art\u0131rmak yolundayd\u0131<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u00f6z alan Trabzon Milletvekili Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey ise, Amerika’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, dinlerinin yasaklamamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ruslar\u0131n da i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet memuru i\u00e7in, ‘Uygulama imk\u00e2n\u0131 yoktur’ demenin z\u00fcl oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek, “Tatbik edemeyen \u00e7ekilir” dedi<\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu s\u00f6zler \u00fczerine ortal\u0131k kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/sup>. Ahmet Ferit Bey, “Bendeniz \u015fimdi \u00e7ekilirim” derken, haz\u0131r bulunanlar aras\u0131ndan, Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey’e destek verici s\u00f6zler y\u00fckseldi<\/sup>. Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey, bundan da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cesaretle, “Ben kanun tatbik edemem diyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bence h\u00fck\u00fcmet mevkiinde durmaya lay\u0131k de\u011fildir” deyince, Meclis s\u0131ralar\u0131nda g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc artt\u0131<\/sup>. Antalya Milletvekili Hamdullah Suphi (Tanr\u0131\u00f6ver) Bey’in, everyone s\u00fck\u00fbta \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran konu\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sonra, oturuma devam edildi<\/sup>. Yeterlilik \u00f6nergesinin kabul\u00fcnden sonra, 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc devam edilmek \u00fczere, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ara verildi<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    14 Eyl\u00fcl 1920: Kapsam Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Afyon \u0130stisnas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    14 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc Meclis, \u0130kinci Ba\u015fkan Vekili, Konya Milletvekili Vehbi Efendi’nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda topland\u0131<\/sup><\/sup>. Katipli\u011fi ise, Yozgat Milletvekili Feyyaz Ali Bey yapmaktayd\u0131<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u00f6z alan Bursa Milletvekili operat\u00f6r Emin Bey, yasak kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7ine bira ve \u015farab\u0131n da girip girmedi\u011fini sordu<\/sup>. Teklif sahibi Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey “Bizim teklif etti\u011fimiz madde (…) her \u015feye, hatta esrara da \u015famildir. Bunun i\u00e7ine afyon da dahildir” dedi<\/sup>. Bunun \u00fczerine, Burdur Milletvekili \u0130smail Suphi Bey, “… her \u015fey dahildir diye, ha\u015fha\u015f tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6kecek miyiz?.. D\u00fczeltin rica ederim…” diye itiraz\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Konu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131; s\u00f6z alan operat\u00f6r Emin Bey anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa t\u0131bb\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirdi. Emin Bey, t\u0131pta afyonun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok alan bulundu\u011funu, yasaklanmas\u0131 halinde, eczanelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Sonu\u00e7ta, afyonun yasak kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ceza \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcleri ve Kanunun Kabul\u00fc<\/sup><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Daha sonra teklifin 3. maddesinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine ge\u00e7ildi<\/sup><\/sup>. Madde, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerin, ya 80 sopa ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veyahut 50 liradan 250 liraya kadar nakit para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu<\/sup>. \u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131na uymayanlara verilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu cezalar\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc de, milletvekilleri aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131<\/sup>. Dayak cezas\u0131n\u0131n, su\u00e7lular\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygulanmamas\u0131 ya da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunanlar oldu\u011fu gibi, bu t\u00fcr bir cezan\u0131n insanlar\u0131n izzet-i nefis ve haysiyetleriyle oynamak olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar da \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra oylamaya ge\u00e7ildi<\/sup>. Oylama, ortaya ilgin\u00e7 bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131: Yasay\u0131 kabul edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 71 idi; ama red oyu verenler de ayn\u0131 say\u0131dayd\u0131<\/sup><\/sup><\/sup><\/sup><\/sup><\/sup>. <\/sup><\/sup>Ancak celseyi y\u00f6neten ba\u015fkan\u0131n oyu iki oy say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve Vehbi Efendi de bu yasaya olumlu bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ‘Men-i M\u00fcskirat Kan<\/sup>unu<\/sup>‘ 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 g\u00fcn ve 22 say\u0131 ile yasala\u015ft\u0131<\/strong><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Men-i M\u00fcskirat Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kanun \u00f6zetle \u015fu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7eriyordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • “Memaliki Osmaniye’de her nevi m\u00fcskirat imali, ithali, f\u00fcruhtu (sat\u0131\u015f\u0131) ve istimali (kullan\u0131lmas\u0131) yasakt\u0131r. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edenlerden, m\u00fcskirat\u0131n beher k\u0131yyesi (okkas\u0131) i\u00e7in, 50 lira para cezas\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r ve elde edilen m\u00fcskirat imha olunur.”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • “Alenen i\u00e7ki i\u00e7enler veya gizli olarak i\u00e7ip sarho\u015flu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclenler ya haddi \u015fer\u00ee (80 de\u011fnek) veya 50 liradan 250 liraya kadar para cezas\u0131 veyahut 3 aydan 1 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • “Resmi s\u0131fat\u0131 olanlar da memuriyetten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve bu husustaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler kabil\u00ee itiraza istinaf (bir \u00fcst mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma) ve temyiz de\u011fildir.”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • “Mevcut i\u00e7kiler i\u00e7in iki ay s\u00fcre verilmi\u015ftir. Yoksa alet edevat gibi, bunlar da m\u00fcsadere edilecektir. T\u0131pta kullan\u0131lacak ispirto i\u00e7in, d\u00fczenleme getirilecektir.”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Mustafa Kemal’in Tepkisi ve Yasan\u0131n Sonu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 kanun teklifi \u00fczerindeki son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131l\u0131rken ve oylama s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Mustafa Kemal Meclis’te haz\u0131r bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/sup><\/sup>. Ama yasan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 de memnun de\u011fildi<\/sup>. Nitekim yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinden Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) Pa\u015fa, Mustafa Kemal’in, \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kritik ortamda i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 gibi meselelerle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey’e k\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta kendisine, “Memleketin zarar\u0131na i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorsunuz” diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131r an\u0131lar\u0131nda<\/sup>…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Meclis’in muhafazak\u00e2r kanad\u0131 ise yasan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sevin\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131lar<\/sup>. K\u00fctahya Milletvekili olarak ilk Meclis’te g\u00f6rev yapan Besim Atalay’\u0131n daha sonralar\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, bu ki\u015filer, “Bu kanunu millet \u00f6ylesine benimseyecektir ki, hasbi olarak (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z, Allah i\u00e7in) halk buna riayet etmeyenleri kendisi takip edecektir” diyecekti<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      En Kritik Y\u0131l: 1920<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130\u015fgalden kurtulu\u015fa, en kritik y\u0131l<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • 20 Ocak:<\/strong> Mara\u015f’ta ilk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 25 Ocak:<\/strong> Mustafa Kemal; Sivas, Diyarbak\u0131r, Konya ve Ankara kolordular\u0131na ‘gayr\u0131 nizam\u00ee harb’ talimat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 16 \u015eubat:<\/strong> Emekli jandarma binba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan, \u0130zmit mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Anzavur Ahmet’in, sadrazam Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle, ‘Kuvay\u0131 Muhammediye’ kumandan\u0131 olarak Biga ve Band\u0131rma’da 1919’da \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isyanlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 16 \u015eubat 1920’de ikinci bir isyan giri\u015fimi ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, D\u00fczce Merkez Karakolu, Abaza ve \u00c7erkez asiler taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 16 Mart:<\/strong> \u0130til\u00e2f devletlerinin kuvvetleri \u0130stanbul’u i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 8 Nisan:<\/strong> Adapazar\u0131’nda Kuvay\u0131 Mill\u00eeye’ye kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler yap\u0131ld\u0131; Hendek ve Adapazar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki telgraf ve telefon telleri kesildi, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 11 Nisan:<\/strong> Padi\u015fah Vahideddin, 12 Ocak’ta a\u00e7\u0131lan ve 28 Ocak’ta da ‘Misak-\u0131 Milli’yi kabul eden Meclis-i Mebusan’\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 12 Nisan:<\/strong> Heyet-i Temsiliye, Anzavur’a kar\u015f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apta bir asker\u00ee harek\u00e2t yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 13 Nisan:<\/strong> Asiler D\u00fczce’yi bast\u0131lar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 18 Nisan:<\/strong> 32. Kafkas Alay\u0131, Bolu’ya geldi. \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ‘Kuvay\u0131 \u0130nzibatiye’nin kurulu\u015funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir kararname yay\u0131mlad\u0131. \u0130ngilizler, bu kuvvete silah yard\u0131m\u0131nda bulundular. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda D\u00fczce’de patlak veren isyan, Bolu ve Gerede’ye s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 22 Nisan:<\/strong> D\u00fczce \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyen 24. T\u00fcmen’in komutan\u0131 Yarbay Mahmut Bey, asiler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) Pa\u015fa, Geyve – Adapazar\u0131 Beypazar\u0131 y\u00f6resi komutan\u0131 olarak atand\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 23 Nisan:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, Ankara’da topland\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 25 Nisan:<\/strong> Yarbay Arif Bey (Ay\u0131c\u0131 Arif), 400 atl\u0131dan olu\u015fan bir kuvvetle, isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak \u00fczere, Beypazar\u0131’na g\u00f6nderildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 27 Nisan:<\/strong> Kuvay\u0131 Mill\u00eeye’ye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u00c7erkez Ethem, d\u00fczensiz birlikleriyle, Band\u0131rma, G\u00f6nen ve Karabiga dolaylar\u0131nda meydana gelen isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 10 May\u0131s:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin giri\u015fimleriyle D\u00fczce’de ‘Hilafet Ordusu’ kurulmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 24 May\u0131s:<\/strong> Mudurnu \u00fczerinden Bolu’ya y\u00fcr\u00fcyen Refet (Bele) Bey’in kuvvetleri Bolu’ya; \u00c7erkez Ethem’in kuvvetleri D\u00fczce’ye girip duruma h\u00e2kim oldular.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 31 May\u0131s:<\/strong> Gerede isyan\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 30 Haziran:<\/strong> Yunan kuvvetleri Bal\u0131kesir’i i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 10 Temmuz:<\/strong> Frans\u0131z i\u015fgal kuvvetlerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi Ermeni Alay\u0131, Adana’ya girdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 22 Temmuz:<\/strong> \u0130til\u00e2f devletleri taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ne teklif edilen Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, \u015euray\u0131 Saltanat, kabul etti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 25 Temmuz:<\/strong> Yunan kuvvetleri Edirne’yi i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 10 A\u011fustos:<\/strong> \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Sevr’i imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00c7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit rak\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Meclis ‘Men-i M\u00fcskirat Kanunu’nu kabul etti\u011fi s\u0131rada, \u00fclkenin ba\u015fkenti olan ve en \u00e7ok i\u00e7ki t\u00fcketilen \u0130stanbul’da, semt ve mahzen meyhanelerinin, ayr\u0131ca ‘ayak\u00e7\u0131’ meyhanelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 471 birahane ve 157 i\u00e7kili lokanta bulunuyordu<\/sup>. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Tepeba\u015f\u0131 Bah\u00e7esi gibi mek\u00e2nlar da, ailecek i\u00e7ki i\u00e7ilebilen yerlerdi<\/sup>. Lokantalardan 35’i, birahanelerden ise, sadece 4’\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tebaaya aitti<\/sup>. \u0130nhisarlar idaresi hen\u00fcz kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, i\u00e7ki imal ve ithalat\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslimlerin elindeydi<\/sup>. \u00c7o\u011funlukla Rum k\u00f6kenli imalat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi i\u00e7kiler aras\u0131nda; Han\u0131m, Keyf, Dem, Alem gibi rak\u0131 markalar\u0131 ba\u015fta gelirdi… <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Rak\u0131dan sonra, s\u0131rada bira vard\u0131… <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130stanbul’da, rak\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketilen i\u00e7ki bira idi. Bomonti Bira-Nektar Fabrikas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan ve ilk zamanlar, gaz\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, sabit kapakl\u0131 \u015fi\u015felere konulan bira hem kaliteliydi hem de ucuzlu\u011fu nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. Fabrika bira t\u00fcketimini te\u015fvik etmek, ailecek i\u00e7ilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, Osmanbey ve Bomonti’de iki bira bah\u00e7esi de a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 neden uygulanamad\u0131? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Men-i M\u00fcskirat Kanunu’nun uygulanamaz olmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeni, \u00fclkenin birka\u00e7 cephede birden sava\u015f i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131yd\u0131<\/sup>. Buna ra\u011fmen ilk zamanlar \u00f6zellikle Ankara’da i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131<\/sup>. Bu arada, i\u00e7kiye d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn kimi milletvekilleri, kald\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011f evlerinde imbikler kurup kendi rak\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri imal ederken, Ankara Polis M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Dil\u00e2ver Bey de onlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na yeti\u015fti: Evinin alt kat\u0131n\u0131 imbiklerle donatan Dilaver Bey’in imal etti\u011fi rak\u0131lara milletvekilleri ‘Dilaver Bey Rak\u0131s\u0131’ ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131… <\/sup>\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti \u0130stanbul ise, 16 Mart 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren fiilen i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan, kentte Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 da uygulanamad\u0131 elbette! <\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00fcy\u00fck Zafer’in kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Mudanya M\u00fctarekesi’nin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra, i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 konusu Meclis’te yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi<\/sup>. Yap\u0131lan oylama sonucunda, 1 \u015eubat 1923 tarihinden itibaren, \u0130stanbul’da da i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na karar verildi<\/sup>. 9 Nisan 1924’te ise, o g\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 470 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile, 3,5 y\u0131la yak\u0131n s\u00fcren i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Yazar: Ertan \u00dcnal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u0130\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 kanunu nas\u0131l kabul edildi? Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n en kritik g\u00fcnlerinde, Birinci Meclis’in muhafazak\u00e2r kanad\u0131, i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir kanun teklifini g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f ve 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1920’de, bir oy farkla bu teklifi yasala\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yaz\u0131: ERTAN \u00dcNAL Ocak 2007 Anadolu’nun, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 vermeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerdi. Ankara’da Mustafa Kemal’in \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Birinci […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane.jpg",1046,766,false],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane.jpg",1046,766,false],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane.jpg",1046,766,false],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane-600x766.jpg",600,766,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane-600x600.jpg",600,600,true],"full":["https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/istanbulmeyhane.jpg",1046,766,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions\/251"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}